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The Internet Domain name industry didn't have too bad of a year in 2009, even as the global economic downturn raged. According to the latest Domain Name Industry Brief from VeriSign, the total base of registered Top-Level Domain Names (TLDs) grew in 2009.

VeriSign reported that in 2009, the base of TLDs expanded by 15 million domains names to a total of 192 million domain registration across all TLDs.

Helping to the lead the way were the .com and .net TLDs, which at the end of 2009 accounted for 96.7 million domain names. The 2009 tally represents a 7 percent increase over the total number of .com and .net TLDs at the end of 2008. The company also said that that during the fourth quarter of 2009 alone, it added 7.3 million new .com and .net registrations. VeriSign manages both the .com and .net registries under contract from ICANN.

The growth isn't the only milestone for the .com domain. On March 15, VeriSign will celebrate the 25th anniversary of the first .com name -- Symbolics.com -- which was assigned in 1985.

The .com and .net domain names aren't the only ones that are growing. The total number of country code Top-Level Domains (ccTLDs) also continued to rise in 2009. In total, VeriSign reported that there were 78.6 million ccTLD at the end of 2009, an increase of 7.5 million domain names from 2008.

Overall, there are now more than 240 ccTLDs in use, with China's .cn remaining the most popular ccTLD, followed by Germany's .de and the United Kingdom's .uk.

While China has been the top ccTLD since the third quarter of 2008, the rate of growth in the .cn ccTLD has actually slowed.

"The .cn base, which had been experiencing remarkable growth as high as 467 percent year over year, slowed its growth and ended the fourth quarter with a one percent decline in its base," VeriSign's report stated.

Sitting behind all those domain names is the global DNS (define) system, which VeriSign helps to administer. As domain names have grown, so too has the load on the DNS system. VeriSign reported that during the fourth quarter of 2009, it hit peaks of 61 billion DNS queries per day. Average daily DNS query load amounted to 52 billion per day, which is an increase of 48 percent over the same period in 2008.

In 2009, VeriSign improved its DNS capabilities by way of its $100 million project Titan, an effort to improve capacity by a factor of 10.

source:http:enterprisenetworkingplanet.com

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U.S. regulators will announce a major Internet policy this week to revolutionize how Americans communicate and play, proposing a dramatic increase in broadband speeds that could let people download a high-definition film in minutes instead of hours.

Dramatically increasing Internet speeds to 25 times the current average is one of the myriad goals to be unveiled in the National Broadband Plan by the the Federal Communications Commission on Tuesday.

The highly anticipated plan will make a series of recommendations to Congress and is aimed at spurring the ever-changing communications industry to bring more and faster online services to Americans as they increasingly turn to the Internet to communicate, pay monthly bills, make travel plans and be entertained by movies and music.

"This is a fairly unique event," said Paul Gallant, an analyst with Concept Capital. "The FCC really has never been asked to design a broad regulatory shift like this. Broadband is important and difficult because it threatens every established communications sector."

Some details of the plan have trickled out in the last few weeks including how to find spectrum to meet an anticipated explosion of handset devices capable of playing movies and music in addition to handling emails and voice calls.

But some carriers like AT&T Inc and Qwest Communications International Inc were irked last month when the agency's chief, Julius Genachowski, announced that the FCC would propose in the plan a goal of 100 Mbps speeds to be in place at 100 million American homes in 10 years. The current average is less than 4 Mbps.

In a sign of tension between the FCC and carriers, Qwest called it "a dream" and AT&T reacted by saying the FCC should resist calls for "extreme forms of regulation."

Since the FCC announcement, Cisco Systems Inc announced it would introduce a router that can handle Internet traffic up to 12 times faster than rival products. Google Inc has also gotten in on the hype, saying it plans to build a super-fast Internet network to show that it can be done. The FCC has praised both announcements.

The plans could also touch off tensions with television broadcasters, who will be asked to give up spectrum to wireless carriers who desperately need it for their mobile devices, such as the iPhone and Blackberry.

The FCC plans to let them share in the profits of auctions structured to redistribute the spectrum.

"We've developed a plan that is a real win-win for everyone involved and we have every expectation that it will work," Genachowski said in an interview with Reuters.

"We've certainly heard from a number of broadcasters who told us they think this is a promising direction and are getting ready to roll up their sleeves with us," he said.

The FCC also wants to make sure that anchor institutions -- government buildings, schools, libraries and healthcare facilities -- get speeds of about 1 gigabit per second by 2020.

The full broadband plan is expected to be released at a Tuesday meeting among the FCC's five members who are expected to discuss the results and recommendations of the roadmap, which was mandated by Congress. Congress may have to pass legislation to enact some portions of the plan.

FCC officials have said some of the goals are aspirational and should be viewed as a "living, breathing" document for the next decade in hopes of helping 93 million Americans without broadband get connected.

Achievable

"It is both aspiration and achievable," Genachowski said.

The Obama administration has touted the plan as a way to create jobs and make energy use more efficient.

"It will be a call to action," said Blair Levin, who heads the FCC's broadband task force which has collected data and comments from the industry, academics and the public as well as from three dozen public workshops.

The FCC has placed most of its attention on broadband policy which Darrell West, director of governance studies at the Brookings Institution, called "the signature issue" since Genachowski took over the helm in late June.

"It means that broadband is going to drive other types of policy decisions and it really sets the parameters for telecommunications and new applications," West said.

FCC officials have said that the plan will not take sides on technology or applications, but they want to lay the groundwork to spur innovation and job creation.

Officials have said the plan will ask Congress to fund up to $16 billion to build an emergency public safety system.

It would also tell lawmakers that a one-time injection of $9 billion could accelerate broadband reach to the 4 percent of Americans who do have access. Otherwise they could let the FCC carry out a 10-year plan to realign an $8 billion U.S. subsidy program for universal broadband access instead of universal phone access.

Experts call the plan ambitious but question if the FCC, which plans to spin off a series of rule-making proposals linked to the plan, can realistically make good on its recommendations.

"There's so little progress on this stuff in Washington," said Rob Atkinson, who heads the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation.

"I think Chairman Genachowski has a real opportunity to bring different warring interests under 50-75 percent of the plan."

Copyright 2010 Reuters
source:internetnews.com

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Newer Gadget of the most anticipated Apple finally appeared. iPad, thus the name of the Apple tablet computer. Apple CEO Steve Jobs introduced the waterfall itself to the device for U.S. $ 499 or about USD 4 million of this.

Yes, this is one of the surprise of the presence iPad. Therefore, previous analysts have cautioned that this gadget will be sold in the range of U.S. $ 1000.

However, Apple seems quite sensitive to the economic recession which is still hanging, so it does not fix the price that was too expensive for the new champ.

Even so, iPad USD 4 million is for the lowest version, which has Wi-Fi connectivity and solid state 16 GB of memory. While for the most expensive version of others, equipped with 3G connectivity and 64 GB of memory dibanderol U.S. $ 829.

If you view the Jobs of the explanation, seem more iPad intended as an entertainment device rather than to work. Because the reader can be used for electronic (e-reader), gaming, surf the Internet to watching videos.

"We want to start the year 2010 by introducing a revolutionary device," Jobs said, quoted from Reuters (28/1/2010).

Interested in direct purchase? Patient first. Therefore, the new Apple iPad planning to dump into the market within the next two months.

source:detikinet.com

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The Internet Protocol (IP) is a protocol used for communicating data across a packet-switched internetwork using the Internet Protocol Suite, also referred to as TCP/IP.

IP is the primary protocol in the Internet Layer of the Internet Protocol Suite and has the task of delivering distinguished protocol datagrams (packets) from the source host to the destination host solely based on their addresses. For this purpose the Internet Protocol defines addressing methods and structures for datagram encapsulation. The first major version of addressing structure, now referred to as Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) is still the dominant protocol of the Internet, although the successor, Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) is being deployed actively worldwide.

IP encapsulation

Data from an upper layer protocol is encapsulated as packets/datagrams (the terms are basically synonymous in IP). Circuit setup is not needed before a host may send packets to another host that it has previously not communicated with (a characteristic of packet-switched networks), thus IP is a connectionless protocol. This is in contrast to public switched telephone networks that require the setup of a circuit for each phone call (connection-oriented protocol).

Services provided by IP

Because of the abstraction provided by encapsulation, IP can be used over a heterogeneous network, i.e., a network connecting computers may consist of a combination of Ethernet, ATM, FDDI, Wi-Fi, token ring, or others. Each link layer implementation may have its own method of addressing (or possibly the complete lack of it), with a corresponding need to resolve IP addresses to data link addresses. This address resolution is handled by the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) for IPv4 and Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP) for IPv6.

Reliability

The design principles of the Internet protocols assume that the network infrastructure is inherently unreliable at any single network element or transmission medium and that it is dynamic in terms of availability of links and nodes. No central monitoring or performance measurement facility exists that tracks or maintains the state of the network. For the benefit of reducing network complexity, the intelligence in the network is purposely mostly located in the end nodes of each data transmission, cf. end-to-end principle. Routers in the transmission path simply forward packets to next known local gateway matching the routing prefix for the destination address.

As a consequence of this design, the Internet Protocol only provides best effort delivery and its service can also be characterized as unreliable. In network architectural language it is a connection-less protocol, in contrast to so-called connection-oriented modes of transmission. The lack of reliability allows any of the following fault events to occur:

• data corruption
• lost data packets
• duplicate arrival
• out-of-order packet delivery; meaning, if packet 'A' is sent before packet 'B', packet 'B' may arrive before packet 'A'. Since routing is dynamic and there is no memory in the network about the path of prior packets, it is possible that the first packet sent takes a longer path to its destination.

The only assistance that the Internet Protocol provides in Version 4 (IPv4) is to ensure that the IP packet header is error-free through computation of a checksum at the routing nodes. This has the side-effect of discarding packets with bad headers on the spot. In this case no notification is required to be sent to either end node, although a facility exists in the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) to do so.

IPv6, on the other hand, has abandoned the use of IP header checksums for the benefit of rapid forwarding through routing elements in the network.

The resolution or correction of any of these reliability issues is the responsibility of an upper layer protocol. For example, to ensure in-order delivery the upper layer may have to cache data until it can be passed to the application.

In addition to issues of reliability, this dynamic nature and the diversity of the Internet and its components provide no guarantee that any particular path is actually capable of, or suitable for performing the data transmission requested, even if the path is available and reliable. One of the technical constraints is the size of data packets allowed on a given link. An application must assure that it uses proper transmission characteristics. Some of this responsibility lies also in the upper layer protocols between application and IP. Facilities exist to examine the maximum transmission unit (MTU) size of the local link, as well as for the entire projected path to the destination when using IPv6. The IPv4 internetworking layer has the capability to automatically fragment the original datagram into smaller units for transmission. In this case, IP does provide re-ordering of fragments delivered out-of-order.

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is an example of a protocol that will adjust its segment size to be smaller than the MTU. User Datagram Protocol (UDP) and Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) disregard MTU size thereby forcing IP to fragment oversized datagrams.

IP addressing and routing

Perhaps the most complex aspects of IP are IP addressing and routing. Addressing refers to how end hosts become assigned IP addresses and how subnetworks of IP host addresses are divided and grouped together. IP routing is performed by all hosts, but most importantly by internetwork routers, which typically use either interior gateway protocols (IGPs) or external gateway protocols (EGPs) to help make IP datagram forwarding decisions across IP connected networks

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Satellites have brought Internet access to places where IP communications seemed impossible. In this section, we explain how satellite Internet works. You will understand how bytes of information or simply a mouse click travels all the way from your computer to the satellite, to our NOC and back.

VSAT Systems uses commercial satellite connections as a high-speed digital link between our customers and the U.S. Internet backbone. The main components of a satellite system comprises of the following:

1. Ground-based electronic equipment

• The VSAT dish: It refers to what most people call their dish. VSAT units are two-way satellite ground stations with dishes that typically range from 0.75m to 1.8m in diameter. VSAT Systems offers VSAT antennas between 1.2m and 2.4m in diameter, depending on the application and location.
• The indoor modem: A satellite modem facilitates data transfers using a communications satellite as a relay. VSAT Systems end users typically use the iDirect 3100 series Modem.
• The teleports: The teleport is the earth station that controls communications across the space link. The teleport is the heart of the VSAT Systems satellite Internet system. VSAT Systems has three 6.3m VertexRSI antennae, transmitters, control systems, redundant links to the Internet, plus auxiliary power and HVAC.
• The Network Operations Center (NOC): The facility which controls all communications over the satellite link. The NOC monitors for power failures, satellite signal issues and other performance issues that may affect the network. The VSAT Systems NOC is located in Akron, Ohio.

2. Satellite equipment

• The satellite: In a geostationary or geosynchronous orbit 22,236 miles above the earth’s surface, a satellite completes one revolution in exactly the same amount of time that it takes the Earth to rotate one full turn on its axis. Thus, the satellite always appears at the same position above the Earth. This eliminates the need for satellite dishes at the user location to track the satellite, which greatly simplifies their construction and cost. These satellites, used for a variety of purposes like broacast and telecommunications, can also be used to provide Internet access at any location on Earth.
• Transponder space segment: The communications channels on a satellite that both receive and retransmit data. Modern satellites carry between 36 and 72 separate transponders all running at different frequencies. These frequency segments are used for transmission of data.
• Internet Backbone: The backbone is a large collection of interconnected, high-capacity, commercial, government, and academic data routes and core routers that carry data. They connect with other countries and continents around the world.

3. Here’s how the process works - in 5 easy to understand steps:

• End user computer is connected to your network, which in turn is connected to the Internet by VSAT Systems. You open a web browser, and type in a web address. End user computer sends a request for a transfer of data - both transmit and receive.
• That request is sent from the end user PC, through their home network, to the indoor satellite modem which modulates the signal and passes it to the VSAT dish. The VSAT dish converts this signal to an RF signal and sends it to a satellite located in the geostationary orbit at the speed of light - 186,000 miles per second.
• The satellite in the geo-stationary orbit receives this signal and sends it to one of the VSAT Systems teleports in Akron, Ohio. This illustrates the fact that although the packets of information travel tremendous distances via the space segment, the packets hop fewer networks due to the large reduction in the number of inter domain and intra domain routers giving an opportunity to minimize latency.
• The request then goes to VSAT Systems’ NOC, which retrieves the requested website from the web server, across the U.S. Internet backbone.
• The whole cycle is then reversed and the requested data is available to the user. A 90,000 mile journey, through millions of dollars of infrastructure and sophisticated equipment, all in less than 700 milliseconds.

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LAS VEGAS--We saw dozens of new laptop models at CES this year, and though the vast majority of them were next-step upgrades of existing models, there were a handful that really grabbed our attention, either because they brought something new to the game, or because they were excellent examples of their category.

We've already rounded up the various slate/tablet devices, so we'll concentrate on traditional laptop-shaped systems (although we'll make an exception for the Lenovo U1 Hybrid, which docks its tablet screen to become a standard Windows 7 machine).

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Verizon Wireless, the nation's largest wireless provider, is reportedly revamping its existing wireless data prices and is considering implementing a usage-based billing model for its upcoming 4G wireless services as it tries to squeeze out more revenue from wireless data services.

Starting January 18, Verizon is expected to tweak its wireless data plan for what it considers its "3G multimedia" phones so that subscribers will pay the same price as customers using a smartphone. The news of the new pricing rates was reported Wednesday by the blog Broadband Reports, which obtained internal documents about the changes from a Verizon employee.

A Verizon Wireless spokeswoman declined to comment on the new pricing plan.

The news comes just a few days after Verizon Wireless' chief technology officer Dick Lynch was quoted by The Washington Post saying that the wireless operator is also considering implementing usage-based billing for services it will soon introduce on its upcoming 4G wireless network.

These two pieces of news suggest that Verizon Wireless is looking to find the sweet spot in wireless data pricing. As the company's revenue base shifts toward data and away from voice services, Verizon and other wireless operators are looking carefully at how best to maximize their profitability.

It's no secret that prices for mobile voice services are dropping. And as a result, phone companies are competing more aggressively on price. A few months ago Sprint Nextel announced its Any Mobile, Anytime plan that allows subscribers to call any cell phone in the U.S. regardless of carrier for $69.99 a month.

Earlier this week, MetroPCS, a smaller regional operator targeting the prepaid phone market, lowered the price of its service, undercutting similar plans from other prepaid providers, such as Sprint's Boost Mobile. This new offering will include all taxes and fees for plans that range between $40 and $60 a month.

Clearly, a price war is emerging on voice services.

Meanwhile, operators are trying to squeeze more revenue out of their data services. This is likely why Verizon is looking at increasing the price of its data plans for mid-tier, non-smartphone devices and why it is thinking hard about going with a usage-based model for its 4G wireless network, rather than offering an all-you-can-eat plan.

According to Broadband Reports, Verizon Wireless is planning to force nearly every subscriber to sign up for a data plan. Even customers using its basic "simple feature" phones will be required to have a data plan. And soon all subscribers signing up for a multimedia device will be required to sign up for a data plan. Up to this point, only certain multimedia phones, such as the Samsung Rogue, have required a data plan. And customers with smartphones have already been required to get data plans.

Starting January 18, the data plans for all non-smartphones will change, Broadband Reports said.

Last year, Verizon changed its non-smartphone data plans to offer multimedia phone subscribers two options for data service. They could either subscribe to a $9.99 that offered 25 megabtyes of data with a charge of $0.50 charged for each additional megabyte over the maximum, or they could subscribe to a $19.99 per month plan that offered 75MB with a $0.30 charge for each MB over the cap.

Broadband Reports says the new pricing model will increase the price of the top plan to $29.99 a month. In exchange for the higher price, subscribers will reportedly be given unlimited access to data. This tier of service will also include mobile e-mail service.

Meanwhile, customers opting for the $9.99 plan will still get the 25MB usage cap, but they will be charged $0.20 for each megabyte over the cap instead of $0.30 per megabyte, the blog said.

Verizon Wireless CTO, Dick Lynch
(Credit: Verizon )

This change essentially offers the same all-you-can-eat plan for multimedia phone subscribers that it requires its smartphone customers to buy.

For some heavy-data users this will be a great deal. But for most consumers, it's likely overkill. Most multimedia phone subscribers only use between 25MB and 100MB of data per month, according to Broadband Reports. The 25MB plan may be too little for these customers, but an unlimited plan offers much more than what many consumers need.

And this excess capacity costs consumers.

The business strategy is very similar to how gyms, like the New York Sports Club, make money. For $89 a month, someone can get a full membership to the gym with access day or night at any location. Some people will use their memberships to the fullest, working out seven days a week and using multiple gym locations throughout the week.

But many will go to the gym much less regularly, and they will never go to a facility other than the one where they originally joined as a member. And yet each member pays the same amount every month, regardless of how much they use their membership.

This billing method works out well for companies when many customers use a fraction of the resources available. But when the majority actually go to the gym regularly or access wireless data services, in the case of wireless operators, then these businesses start to lose money, because they have to invest more in infrastructure.

When this happens, a usage-based billing model is more advantageous to the business.

The switch to usage-based billing
This is exactly the model that Verizon plans to switch to when it completes its 4G wireless network. Lynch told the Washington Post last week that it's very likely that Verizon will do away with flat rate pricing when it rolls out its 4G wireless and will instead charge customers based on how much bandwidth they use.

"The problem we have today with flat-based usage is that you are trying to encourage customers to be efficient in use and applications but you are getting some people who are bandwidth hogs using gigabytes a month and they are paying something like megabytes a month," Lynch told the Post. "That isn't long-term sustainable. Why should customers using an average amount of bandwidth be subsidizing bandwidth hogs?"

AT&T is seeing the effects of this problem with the popular Apple iPhone. AT&T reports that its iPhone users consume more data than other 3G wireless customers. This has resulted in strains on the network. And now iPhone users are complaining about poor service, especially in urban areas where iPhone usage is high.

AT&T's head of wireless Ralph de la Vega said last year that AT&T needs to come up with a different way to price its service to incentivize customers to use less data.

Usage-based billing, or asking subscribers to pay for what they use, has increasingly been seen by executives as the answer to this problem. And now the idea has support from the two Republican Federal Communications Commission commissioners, Robert McDowell and Meredith Attwell Baker.

McDowell said during a public appearance at the CES tradeshow last weekend that wireless companies should be able to experiment with different pricing models, according to the The Hill, a blog covering Capitol Hill. He said that allowing an all-you-can eat model to persist will lead to gridlock on the wireless Internet.

Baker agreed and even suggested that people may soon have to pay for "roaming."

So what does all this mean for consumers? Well, in the short term, it means many Verizon Wireless customers are likely to pay more for more service than they actually need. And in the future, 4G wireless subscribers are likely to pay more for services they actually use. Don't expect any great bargains in wireless data now or in the future. In either case, Verizon and other wireless operators will make sure they can get as much money as they can from the increasing number of people who subscribe to their data services.

source:cnet.com

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Apple Tablet news presence is not just fairytales. One of the French telecommunications operator, Orange has confirmed the truth about the news.

Stephane Richard, as one executive of Orange, as quoted from Techtree, Wednesday (13/1/2010) confirmed that the Apple Tablet soon be attending. In an interview, one French television he reveals that these devices Apple would soon be present at the end of this month.

In addition, Richard also added that the Apple Tablet will be equipped with a webcam. He also mentioned that Orange customers will soon be able to sample Apple's new device is.

As mentioned on the detailed specifications and prices offered Richard concluded soon. This makes the curiosity of Apple fans around the world

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Many people think Microsoft will introduce Windows Mobile 7 at CES 2010. But the reality is not. Microsoft's desktop instead discuss issues and their Christmas project.

Now the rumors that Microsoft's new mobile OS is about to appear at the Mobile World Congress (MWC) in 2010 which is a huge party scheduled for the mobile industry and in the second week of February next. The source of the quoted zdnet, Tuesday (12/1/2010), said that the introduction of Windows Mobile 7 on the upcoming MWC is not just a mere rumor.

Robbie Bach, president of Microsoft Entertainment & Devices Division at zdnet interviewed said that the MWC later, the public was able to meet with the Windows Mobile 7. Although not yet clear, whether this is a form of release, the public would be the first impression about the latest mobile OS on the prestigious event.

Robbie Bach also confirmed that the OS is not just evolution, but also be more 'friendly' with its users, from the previous Windows Mobile versions that seem intended for businessmen only.

Let's see, if the rumors introduction of Windows Mobile 7 in the MWC held next month's going to happen?

source:detikinet

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The rumors about the presence of a fourth-generation iPhone beginning was widely blow. Rumored that Apple's smartphone is besutan sauntered in April this year.

Rumor is then peppered with various predictions. There was a mention that this latest generation iPhone will have dual core processors.

Quoted from Appleinsider, Wednesday (13/1/2010), reported also that there will be increasing the quality of graphics, video chat, screen organic light-emitting diode (OLED), a more capable camera and a battery that is easily changed in this fourth-generation iPhone .

It added that Apple and Korea Telecom - the exclusive iPhone providers in South Korea - has made an agreement to introduce the latest iPhone models as soon as possible in South Korea.

Previous rumors about the fourth generation iPhone was never rose in the year 2009. China claims a company to take part in making these devices and claim to have had the components for the iPhone was this brand.

Supplier companies named China OnTrade it offers on the internet that claimed the case would eventually be a component of the iPhone 4G

source:detikinet

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Bali - Access broadband networks using CDMA technology, Rev. B, to download (downloading) data files for 1 Gb of internet transfer takes only eleven minutes.

So the demo that was held at Smart Telecom launched the first CDMA service network using the latest technologies supplied Rev. B vendor Qualcomm and ZTE.

"Consumers will feel the real speed of these incredible," claims Head of Core Product and Branding Smart, Ruby Hermanto, while demonstrating the CDMA EVDO Rev B at Hotel Discovery, Bali, on Sunday night (10/1/2010).

Although able to download 1 GB of files in just 11 minutes, but the original speed will no doubt will come down drastically so many users who use the service simultaneously in a single point of network base stations (BTS).

Smart claimed could bring a maximum speed of 9.3 Mbps for data download and upload to 5.4 Mbps (upload). Ruby said, this year will increase again Smart network capacity in the canal Rev. B. "We are upgrading our network again to Rev B download speeds up to 14.7 Mbps can," he said without going to mention how many base stations to be upgraded.

CDMA-based service was held Smart at 1900 MHz frequency band. This mobile operators do not want to mention the number of channels used by a total of five canals had.

Currently, Rev. B new service was held in Bali. It was only in some places. "Just 60% of our base stations 48 in Bali," said President Director of Smart, Sutikno Widjaja.

According to him, the whole area of the new Bali will be served all at the end of this first quarter of 2010. After Bali, Smart plans to expand coverage to Rev. B 32 cities that previously had been spread Rev A until the end of year.

To enjoy the service EVDO Rev B via a modem ZTE offers, customers will be charged Smart mortgage USD 450 thousand per month for 12 months. These costs include the cost of unlimited access for a year.

source:http://www.detikinet.com/read/2010/01/11/074212/1275427/328/dengan-rev-b-unduh-1-giga-cuma-11-menit?topnews

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Bali - broadband internet network of technology-based Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Evolution Data Only (EVDO) Rev B has a commercial presence for the first time in the world through Bali, Indonesia.

The service is organized by the CDMA cellular operator Smart Telecom is using the base station (BTS) from China's ZTE and Qualcomm's chipset technology from the United States.

"We deliberately choose Bali as the first launch of EVDO Rev B because Bali is the gateway to the world Indonesia internationally," said President Director of Smart Sutikno Widjaja, the launch of the Rev B at Hotel Discovery, Bali, on Sunday night (10/1/2010).

EVDO Rev B is a development of EVDO Rev A network that offers a maximum speed of 9.3 Mbps for downloading data (downloading) and 5.4 Mbps for upload (upload).

Through EVDO Rev A network is also held Smart, the maximum speed offered by Franky Widjaja owned company that until only 3.8 Mbps for downloading and 1.8 for uploads.

"With Rev. B, our broadband internet so much faster than tripled Rev A," said Head of Core Product and Branding Smart, Ruby Hermanto.

Currently, Rev. B new service was held in Bali. It was only in some places. "Just 60% of our base stations 48 in Bali," said Sutikno. According to him, the whole area of the new Bali will be served all at the end of this first quarter of 2010.

After Bali, Smart plans to expand coverage to Rev. B 32 cities that previously had been spread Rev A until the end of year. But unfortunately, both Sutikno and Ruby did not want to reveal how many base stations are ready to be upgraded and the total value of issued investment.

Smart itself allows customers to seek their own purchases Rev B-capable modem in the free market to be able to access the latest broadband networks this.

However, if customers buy through Smart, modem ZTE Rev. B output dipasarkannya the price of Rp 450 thousand per month for a year. This purchase cost includes the cost of unlimited access for a year.

"With a total of Rp 5.4 million a year, a modem which we offer, including inexpensive. For the original price Rev. B modem is still expensive, U.S. $ 600 or nearly USD 6 million," explained Tom Alamas Dinharsa, Division Head of Device Technology and Special Project.

source:http://www.detikinet.com/read/2010/01/11/071259/1275411/328/cdma-evdo-rev-b-pertama-dunia-komersil-di-bali?topnews

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Available Jan. 10 exclusively from Sprint, Overdrive is the nation's first 3G/4G Mobile Hotspot, allowing multiple Wi-Fi-enabled devices to share a connection to Sprint's 4G network

OVERLAND PARK, Kan., Jan 06, 2010 -- Sprint announced today the upcoming availability of Overdrive 3G/4G Mobile Hotspot (aka the Sierra Wireless AirCard W801). Overdrive allows you to connect up to five Wi-Fi-enabled devices simultaneously--including laptops, gaming devices, cameras and even smartphones from other carriers--through a single connection (via Wi-Fi), to a network that is up to 10 times faster than today's 3G speeds from any national wireless carrier.1 There's no need to wait for 4G devices to enjoy the benefits of 4G: Overdrive creates a connection between the Sprint 4G network and virtually all of the hundreds of millions of Wi-Fi-enabled electronics devices owned by or available to customers today.

"This device delivers the connected lifestyle to our customers in overdrive," said Dan Hesse, Sprint CEO. "The fact that it connects up to five Wi-Fi-enabled devices is especially meaningful because at 4G speeds, customers can download and upload more data--gigabytes, not megabytes--in a matter of seconds. The Overdrive on the 4G network is made for the multitude of bandwidth-hungry applications customers want to access wirelessly, like video streaming. 4G beats 3G for speed and for value."

Overdrive 3G/4G Mobile Hotspot will benefit customers today

In the home:

Through a single connection, you can bypass your cable provider and stream HD movies from content distribution providers (such as Netflix, Amazon and Blockbuster) right to your TV; connect your Xbox 360 and game real-time with someone located across the globe; move pictures wirelessly from your camera to a digital picture frame and surf the Web on your laptop while streaming Pandora.

In the dorm:

Connect virtually anywhere on a campus with 4G coverage at 4G speeds: Turn your iPod Touch with Skype into a voice phone and make a call, or stream a live movie from Hulu or Netflix to your laptop.

On-the-go:

Whether you're on a long trip or running a busy day of errands, use Overdrive to keep passengers entertained in the car.2 Stream your favorite TV show from Hulu to your Netbook; use a PSP gaming device to access multiple games and content; download music to your Zune HD; and turn your 3G iPhone into a 4G device. It's all very simple with Overdrive.

Mobile office:

Join a video conference, download large files, conduct a virtual home tour and stay in constant contact with your office via unified communications.

Move Overdrive 3G/4G Mobile Hotspot to the workplace and the benefits are even greater with enhanced Wi-Fi performance, increased productivity and improved cost savings. Set up and redeploy easily and quickly for a small workgroup; back-up or replace costly wireline connections to small branches, retail locations or home offices; cost-effectively share one connection on one plan when mobile with other employees and customers; use as excellent "power up and go" mobile solution to maintain connectivity for business/emergency continuity; and easily perform multiple functions with constant connectivity and real-time access to corporate data.

"At Best Buy, we see an amazing amount of new devices and products from mobile phones to televisions to gaming consoles that are designed to connect and interact with each other. This kind of connectivity is very exciting, but it can also be complicated to maximize unless you actually see it and understand it," said Brian Dunn, Best Buy CEO. "In combination with Best Buy's skilled and passionate associates, the Sprint Overdrive will allow us to showcase our in-store experience by demonstrating how various Wi-Fi- enabled products work and connect together, whether in the home, on-the-go or both."

As the first dual-mode device of its kind, Overdrive 3G/4G Mobile Hotspot can be used on both the Sprint 4G network and Sprint's Mobile Broadband Network, America's most dependable 3G network.3 This flexibility allows customers to enjoy 4G performance in any Sprint 4G market or to use Sprint's reliable 3G mobile broadband network when outside a 4G area. Sprint 4G is already available in 27 markets and continues to expand to new cities, bringing wireless speeds up to 10 times faster than today's 3G from any other national wireless carrier.

"Sierra Wireless places a high priority on making our products simple to use, and we have put considerable time and effort into ensuring that Overdrive3G/4G Mobile Hotspotdelivers the easiest user experience of any mobile hotspot on the market," said Jason Cohenour, CEO of Sierra Wireless. "Its simplicity, combined with its compact portability, and security, makes Overdrive3G/4G Mobile Hotspotideal for both personal and business use in a variety of situations."

Key features of Overdrive 3G/4G Mobile Hotspot include a LCD that provides important information such as battery life and internet connection status, as well as an easy-to-use web interface for customizing settings. Overdrive 3G/4G Mobile Hotspot also includes built-in GPS capability (on 3G), MicroSD slot for up to 16 GB memory cards creating shared storage with up to five connected devices, and an extended Wi-Fi range of up to 150 feet.

Beginning on Jan. 10, customers will be able to purchase Overdrive 3G/4G Mobile Hotspot exclusively from Sprint for $99.99 (excluding taxes) after a $50 mail-in-rebate with a two-year service agreement. Customers can purchase the device and sign up for 3G/4G plans at select Sprint retail stores and select Best Buy stores; available through business sales, Web (www.sprint.com) and Telesales (1-800-SPRINT1) in coming weeks. Also beginning Jan. 10, Sprint will offer simplified 3G/4G data plans for consumers and businesses at $59.99 monthly (price plans exclude surcharges and taxes).4

Sprint continues to blaze trails with 4G

Sprint is the first national wireless carrier to test, launch and market 4G technology. (View 4G coverage at www.sprint.com/4G)

Sprint made history by launching 4G in Baltimore in September 2008. Sprint currently offers 4G service in 27 markets, including Atlanta, Baltimore, Chicago, Dallas/Ft. Worth, Las Vegas, Philadelphia, Portland, Ore., San Antonio and Seattle. Sprint 4G is also offered in Abilene, Texas; Amarillo, Texas; Austin, Texas; Bellingham, Wash.; Boise, Idaho; Charlotte, N.C.; Corpus Christi, Texas; Greensboro, N.C. (along with High Point and Winston-Salem); Honolulu; Killeen/Temple, Texas; Lubbock, Texas; Maui, Hawaii; Midland/Odessa, Texas; Milledgeville, Ga.; Raleigh, N.C. (along with Cary, Chapel Hill and Durham); Salem, Ore.; Waco, Texas and Wichita Falls, Texas.

In 2010, Sprint expects to launch service in multiple markets, including Boston, Houston, New York, San Francisco and Washington, D.C.

Sprint is harnessing the power of 4G as the majority shareholder of Clearwire, the independent company that is building the WiMAX network.

1. "Up to 10x faster" based on download speed comparison of 3G's 600 kbps vs. 4G's 6 Mbps. Typical published 3G avg. speeds (600 kbps-1.7 Mbps); 4G avg. speeds (3-6 Mbps). Actual speeds may vary. 4G currently available in select areas /devices; check Sprint.com/4G for Sprint 4G coverage/device info.
2. Sprint encourages all wireless users to drive responsibly and avoid distractions.
3. "Dependable" based on independent, third-party drive tests for 3G data connection success, session reliability, and signal strength for the top 50 most populous US markets (including PR) from January 2008 to August 2009. Not all services available on 3G and coverage may default to separate network when 3G unavailable.
4. Sprint reserves the right, at our sole discretion to deny, terminate, modify, disconnect or suspend service if customer exceeds the off-network roaming threshold (300MB/mo.) or engages in the following prohibited uses: server devices or host computer applications, including, but not limited to, disproportionate Web camera posts or broadcasts, automatic data feeds, automated machine-to-machine connections, peer-to-peer (P2P) file-sharing applications broadcast to multiple servers or recipients such that they could enable "bots" or similar routines, or for any other reason that, in our sole discretion harms our network.

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Nokia has revealed its first Internet modem supporting Long Term Evolution (LTE) technology. LTE is generally marketed as 4G, since it is the last step toward the 4th generation of radio technologies designed for mobile networks. It is a set of enhancements to the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UTMS) to be introduced in 3GPP Release 8.

Nokia's Internet Modem RD-3 supports interoperability with GSM/EDGE and WCDMA/HSPA to make the most out of the global GSM and WCDMA reach right from the start. "Nokia is committed to supporting industry activities aimed at maturing LTE technology to enable the first commercial networks to launch in 2010," says Jani Mäenpää, Project Manager, LTE/SAE Interoperability and Trials, Nokia.

He continued: "Nokia is a founding member in the LTE/SAE Trial Initiative (LSTI) and carries out interoperability testing with a number of network vendors, collaborates with measurement equipment manufacturers and is ready to support operators with their LTE deployment activities. The Nokia Internet Modem RD-3 is used in all these activities."

LTE is considered a major step in the direction of providing wireless IP-based real-time multimedia services for consumers, providing the benchmark for high data rates and low response times. It has the potential to offer a rich broadband Internet experience when a fixed line connection is not available, and is an enormous improvement over today's current mobile broadband products.

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4G refers to the fourth generation of cellular wireless standards. It is a successor to 3G and 2G standards, with the aim to provide a wide range of data rates up to ultra-broadband (gigabit-speed) Internet access to mobile as well as stationary users. Although 4G is a broad term that has had several different and more vague definitions, this article uses 4G to refer to IMT Advanced (International Mobile Telecommunications Advanced), as defined by ITU-R.
A 4G cellular system must have target peak data rates of up to approximately 100 Mbit/s for high mobility such as mobile access and up to approximately 1 Gbit/s for low mobility such as nomadic/local wireless access, according to the ITU requirements. Scalable bandwidths up to at least 40 MHz should be provided.A 4G system is expected to provide a comprehensive and secure all-IP based solution where facilities such as IP telephony, ultra-broadband Internet access, gaming services and HDTV streamed multimedia may be provided to users.[citation needed]

The pre-4G technology 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) is often branded "4G", but the first LTE release does not fully comply with the IMT-Advanced requirements. LTE has a theoretical net bitrate capacity of up to 100 Mbit/s in the downlink and 50 Mbit/s in the uplink if a 20 MHz channel is used - and more if Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), i.e. antenna arrays, are used. Most major mobile carriers in the United States and several worldwide carriers have announced plans to convert their networks to LTE beginning in 2009. The world's first publicly available LTE-service was opened in the two Scandinavian capitals Stockholm and Oslo on the 14 December 2009, and branded 4G. The physical radio interface was at an early stage named High Speed OFDM Packet Access (HSOPA), now named Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA).

LTE Advanced (Long-term-evolution Advanced) is a candidate for IMT-Advanced standard, formally submitted by the 3GPP organization to ITU-T in the fall 2009, and expected to be released in 2011. The target of 3GPP LTE Advanced is to reach and surpass the ITU requirements. LTE Advanced should be compatible with first release LTE equipment, and should share frequency bands with first release LTE.

The Mobile WiMAX (IEEE 802.16e-2005) mobile wireless broadband access (MWBA) standard is sometimes branded 4G, and offers peak data rates of 128 Mbit/s downlink and 56 Mbit/s uplink over 20 MHz wide channels. The IEEE 802.16m evolution of 802.16e is under development, with the objective to fulfill the IMT-Advanced criteria of 1000 Mbit/s for stationary reception and 100 Mbit/s for mobile reception.

UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband) was the brand name for a discontinued 4G project within the 3GPP2 standardization group to improve the CDMA2000 mobile phone standard for next generation applications and requirements. In November 2008, Qualcomm, UMB's lead sponsor, announced it was ending development of the technology, favouring LTE instead.[5] The objective was to achieve data speeds over 275 Mbit/s downstream and over 75 Mbit/s upstream.

In all these suggestions for 4G, the CDMA spread spectrum radio technology used in 3G systems and IS-95 is abandoned and replaced by frequency-domain equalization schemes, for example multi-carrier transmission such as OFDMA. This is combined with MIMO (i.e. multiple antennas(Multiple In Multiple Out)), dynamic channel allocation and channel-dependent scheduling.

Objectives

4G is being developed to accommodate the QoS and rate requirements set by further development of existing 3G applications like wireless broadband access, Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS), video chat, mobile TV, but also new services like HDTV content, minimal services like voice and data, and other services that utilize bandwidth. It may be allow roaming with wireless local area networks, and be combined with digital video broadcasting systems.

The 4G working group[clarification needed] has defined the following as objectives of the 4G wireless communication standard:

• Flexible channel bandwidth, between 5 and 20 MHz, optionally up to 40 MHz.[2]
• A nominal data rate of 100 Mbit/s while the client physically moves at high speeds relative to the station, and 1 Gbit/s while client and station are in relatively fixed positions as defined by the ITU-R,
• A data rate of at least 100 Mbit/s between any two points in the world,
• Peak link spectral efficiency of 15 bit/s/Hz in the downlink, and 6.75 bit/s/Hz in the uplink (meaning that 1000 Mbit/s in the downlink should be possible over less than 67 MHz bandwidth)
• System spectral efficiency of up to 3 bit/s/Hz/cell in the downlink and 2.25 bit/s/Hz/cell for indoor usage.
• Smooth handoff across heterogeneous networks,
• Seamless connectivity and global roaming across multiple networks,
• High quality of service for next generation multimedia support (real time audio, high speed data, HDTV video content, mobile TV, etc)
• Interoperability with existing wireless standards,and
• An all IP, packet switched network.

Approaches

As described in 4G consortia including WINNER, WINNER - Towards Ubiquitous Wireless Access, and WWRF, a key technology based approach is summarized as follows, where Wireless-World-INitiative-NEw-Radio (WINNER) is a consortium to enhance mobile communication systems.

Consideration points

Coverage, radio environment, spectrum, services, business models and deployment types, users.

Principal technologies

* Physical layer transmission techniques[12]
o No CDMA.
o MIMO: To attain ultra high spectral efficiency by means of spatial processing including multi-antenna and multi-user MIMO
o Frequency-domain-equalization, for example Multi-carrier modulation (OFDM) or single-carrier frequency-domain-equalization (SC-FDE) in the downlink: To exploit the frequency selective channel property without complex equalization.
o Frequency-domain staistical multiplexing, for example (OFDMA) or (Single-carrier FDMA) (SC-FDMA, a.k.a. Linearly precoded OFDMA, LP-OFDMA) in the uplink: Variable bit rate by assigning different sub-channels to different users based on the channel conditions
o Turbo principle error-correcting codes: To minimize the required SNR at the reception side
* Channel-dependent scheduling: To utilize the time-varying channel.
* Link adaption: Adaptive modulation and error-correcting codes
* Relaying, including fixed relay networks (FRNs), and the cooperative relaying concept, known as multi-mode protocol

4G features

According to the members of the 4G working group, the infrastructure and the terminals of 4G will have almost all the standards from 2G to 4G implemented. Although legacy systems are in place to adopt existing users, the infrastructure for 4G will be only packet-based (all-IP). Some proposals suggest having an open Internet platform. Technologies considered to be early 4G include: Flash-OFDM, the 802.16e mobile version of WiMax (also known as WiBro in South Korea), and HC-SDMA (see iBurst).

Components

Access schemes

As the wireless standards evolved, the access techniques used also exhibited increase in efficiency, capacity and scalability. The first generation wireless standards used plain TDMA and FDMA. In the wireless channels, TDMA proved to be less efficient in handling the high data rate channels as it requires large guard periods to alleviate the multipath impact. Similarly, FDMA consumed more bandwidth for guard to avoid inter carrier interference. So in second generation systems, one set of standard used the combination of FDMA and TDMA and the other set introduced an access scheme called CDMA. Usage of CDMA increased the system capacity, but as a drawback placed a soft limit on it rather than the hard limit (i.e. a CDMA network will not reject new clients when it approaches its limits, resulting in a denial of service to all clients when the network overloads). Data rate is also increased as this access scheme (providing the network is not reaching its capacity) is efficient enough to handle the multipath channel. This enabled the third generation systems, such as IS-2000, UMTS, HSXPA, 1xEV-DO, TD-CDMA and TD-SCDMA, to use CDMA as the access scheme. However, the issue with CDMA is that it suffers from poor spectral flexibility and computationally intensive time-domain equalization (high number of multiplications per second) for wideband channels.

Recently, new access schemes like Orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), Interleaved FDMA and Multi-carrier CDMA (MC-CDMA) are gaining more importance for the next generation systems. These are based on efficient FFT algorithm and frequency domain equalization, resulting lower number of multiplications per second. They also make it possible to control the bandwidth and form the spectrum in a flexible way. However, they require advanced dynamic channel allocation and traffic adaptive schedululing.

WiMax is using OFDMA in the downlink and in the uplink. For the next generation UMTS, OFDMA is used for the downlink. By contrast, IFDMA is being considered for the uplink since OFDMA contributes more to the PAPR related issues and results in nonlinear operation of amplifiers. IFDMA provides less power fluctuation and thus avoids amplifier issues. Similarly, MC-CDMA is in the proposal for the IEEE 802.20 standard. These access schemes offer the same efficiencies as older technologies like CDMA. Apart from this, scalability and higher data rates can be achieved.

The other important advantage of the above mentioned access techniques is that they require less complexity for equalization at the receiver. This is an added advantage especially in the MIMO environments since the spatial multiplexing transmission of MIMO systems inherently requires high complexity equalization at the receiver.

In addition to improvements in these multiplexing systems, improved modulation techniques are being used. Whereas earlier standards largely used Phase-shift keying, more efficient systems such as 64QAM are being proposed for use with the 3GPP Long Term Evolution standards.

IPv6 support

Unlike 3G, which is based on two parallel infrastructures consisting of circuit switched and packet switched network nodes respectively, 4G will be based on packet switching only. This will require low-latency data transmission.

By the time that 4G is deployed, the process of IPv4 address exhaustion is expected to be in its final stages. Therefore, in the context of 4G, IPv6 support is essential in order to support a large number of wireless-enabled devices. By increasing the number of IP addresses, IPv6 removes the need for Network Address Translation (NAT), a method of sharing a limited number of addresses among a larger group of devices, although NAT will still be required to communicate with devices that are on existing IPv4 networks.

As of June 2009, Verizon has posted specifications that require any 4G devices on its network to support IPv6.

Advanced Antenna Systems

The performance of radio communications depends on an antenna system, refer to smart or intelligent antenna. Recently, multiple antenna technologies are emerging to achieve the goal of 4G systems such as high rate, high reliability, and long range communications. In the early 90s, to cater the growing data rate needs of data communication, many transmission schemes were proposed. One technology, spatial multiplexing, gained importance for its bandwidth conservation and power efficiency. Spatial multiplexing involves deploying multiple antennas at the transmitter and at the receiver. Independent streams can then be transmitted simultaneously from all the antennas. This increases the data rate into multiple folds with the number equal to minimum of the number of transmit and receive antennas. This is called MIMO (as a branch of intelligent antenna). Apart from this, the reliability in transmitting high speed data in the fading channel can be improved by using more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver. This is called transmit or receive diversity. Both transmit/receive diversity and transmit spatial multiplexing are categorized into the space-time coding techniques, which does not necessarily require the channel knowledge at the transmit. The other category is closed-loop multiple antenna technologies which use the channel knowledge at the transmitter..

Software-Defined Radio (SDR)

SDR is one form of open wireless architecture (OWA). Since 4G is a collection of wireless standards, the final form of a 4G device will constitute various standards. This can be efficiently realized using SDR technology, which is categorized to the area of the radio convergence

History of 4G and pre-4G technologies

• In 2002, the strategic vision for 4G — which ITU designated as IMT-Advanced — was laid out.
• In 2005, OFDMA transmission technology is chosen as candidate for the HSOPA downlink, later renamed 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) air interface E-UTRA.
• In mid-2006, Sprint Nextel announced that it would invest about US$ 5 billion in a WiMAX technology buildout over the next few years[14] ($5.29 billion in real terms[15]). Since that time Sprint has faced many setbacks, that have resulted in steep quarterly losses. On May 7, 2008, Sprint, Imagine, Google, Intel, Comcast, Bright House, and Time Warner announced a pooling of an average of 120 MHz of spectrum; Sprint merged its Xohm WiMAX division with Clearwire to form a company which will take the name Clear.
• In February 2007, the Japanese company NTT DoCoMo tested a 4G communication system prototype with 4x4 MIMO called VSF-OFCDM at 100 Mbit/s while moving, and 1 Gbit/s while stationary. NTT DoCoMo completed a trial in which they reached a maximum packet transmission rate of approximately 5 Gbit/s in the downlink with 12x12 MIMO using a 100 MHz frequency bandwidth while moving at 10 km/h,[16] and is planning on releasing the first commercial network in 2010.
• In September 2007, NTT Docomo demonstrated e-UTRA data rates of 200 Mbit/s with power consumption below 100 mW during the test.
• In January 2008, a U.S. FCC spectrum auction for the 700 MHz former analog TV frequencies began. As a result, the biggest share of the spectrum went to Verizon Wireless and the next biggest to AT&T.Both of these companies have stated their intention of supporting LTE.
• In January 2008, EU commissioner Viviane Reding suggested re-allocation of 500–800 MHz spectrum for wireless communication, including WiMAX.
• February 15, 2008 - Skyworks Solutions released a front-end module for e-UTRAN.
• In April 2008, LG and Nortel demonstrated e-UTRA data rates of 50 Mbit/s while travelling at 110 km/h.
• In 2008, ITU-R established the detailed performance requirements of IMT-Advanced, by issuing a Circular Letter calling for candidate Radio Access Technologies (RATs) for IMT-Advanced.
• April 2008, just after receiving the circular letter, the 3GPP organized a workshop on IMT-Advanced where it was decided that LTE-Advanced, an evolution of current LTE standard, will meet or even exceed IMT-Advanced requirements following the ITU-R agenda.
• In December 2009, Sprint began advertising 4G service in selected cities in the United States, despite maximum download speeds of only 10Mbit/s
• On December 14, 2009, the first commercial LTE deployment was in the Scandinavian capitals Stockholm and Oslo by the Swedish-Finnish network operator TeliaSonera and its Norweigan brandname NetCom (Norway). TeliaSonera branded the network "4G". The modem devices on offer were manufactured by Samsung (dongle GT-B3710), and the network infrastructure created by Huawei (in Oslo) and Ericsson (in Stockholm). TeliaSonera plans to roll out nationwide LTE across Sweden, Norway and Finland. TeliaSonera used spectral bandwidth of 10 MHz, and single-in-single-out, which should provide physical layer net bitrates of up to 50 Mbit/s downlink and 25 Mbit/s in the uplink. Introductory tests showed a TCP goodput of 42.8 Mbit/s downlink and 5.3 Mbit/s uplink in Stockholm.

Deployment plans

In May 2005, Digiweb, an Irish fixed and wireless broadband company, announced that they have received a mobile communications license from the Irish Telecoms regulator, ComReg. This service will be issued the mobile code 088 in Ireland and will be used for the provision of 4G Mobile communications.Digiweb launched a mobile broadband network using FLASH-OFDM technology at 872 MHz.

On September 20, 2007, Verizon Wireless announced that it plans a joint effort with the Vodafone Group to transition its networks to the 4G standard LTE. On December 9, 2008, Verizon Wireless announced that they intend to build and begin to roll out an LTE network by the end of 2009.

Telus and Bell Canada, the major Canadian cdmaOne and EV-DO carriers, have announced that they will be cooperating towards building a fourth generation (4G) LTE wireless broadband network in Canada. As a transitional measure, they are implementing 3G UMTS to go live by early 2010.

Sprint offers a 3G/4G connection plan, currently available in select cities in the United States.It delivers rates up to 36 Mbit/s.

O2 is to use Slough as a guinea pig in testing the 4G network and has called upon Huawei to install LTE technology in six masts across the town to allow people to talk to each other via HD video conferencing and play PlayStation games while on the move.

Current research

Pervasive networks are an amorphous and at present entirely hypothetical concept where the user can be simultaneously connected to several wireless access technologies and can seamlessly move between them (See vertical handoff, IEEE 802.21). These access technologies can be Wi-Fi, UMTS, EDGE, or any other future access technology. Included in this concept is also smart-radio (also known as cognitive radio technology) to efficiently manage spectrum use and transmission power as well as the use of mesh routing protocols to create a pervasive network.

4G wireless standards

In September 2009 the technology proposals have been submitted to ITU-R as 4G candidates[34]. Basically all proposals are based on two technologies:


Considering the huge industry support for 3GPP based technologies such as LTE the vision of an almost unified global 4G standard might not be out of reach anymore. A first set of 3GPP requirements on LTE Advanced has been approved in June 2008[35]. LTE Advanced will be standardized in 2010 as part of the Release 10 of the 3GPP specification. LTE Advanced will be fully built on the existing LTE specification Release 10 and not be defined as a new specification series. A summary of the technologies that have been studied as the basis for LTE Advanced is summarized in a technical report

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How to troubleshoot a Windows PC Modem.

* Check the telephone cable connectors and cable. It should be 10 feet or less and contain a correct RJ11 cable connector.

* Check to ensure that you are plugged into the correct modem jack. An RJ45 will not fit into an RJ11 but an RJ11 (6 pin) will fit into an RJ45 (8 pin) receptacle. It will be a loose fit. the RJ45 is for your network interface card. RJ11 is your modem (telephone).

* Check to ensure that the wall phone jack is functioning. Plug a phone into the same wall jack and ensure that you get a dial tone on your phone.

* Check for error messages => wrong username or password then contact your ISP for the correct account settings. Check to ensure that your ISP did not disconnect you for violations or failure to pay your bill.

* Check error messages in Event Viewer. Start / Settings / Control Panel / Administrative Tools / Computer Management (or Event Viewer)

* Digital Lines - NEVER plug your modem into a digital line without a CORRECT filter. This will fry your modem.

* Mobile Services - PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) Palm Pilots use COM9 - watch for conflicts.

* Connect to a different test server to determine if you having problems with your ISP.

* Reset the BIOS (Re-boot and tap the F2 Key, Press F9 (Default Settings), Press F10 (Save and Exit)

* Uninstall and replace the drivers using Device Manager under Administrator Privileges - right click on My Computer / Properties / Hardware / Device Manager - expand Modem line item. Right click on the items below and select uninstall drive on the pop-up menu. Re-boot the system and Plug and Play will automatically detect the Modem device and re-install the drivers for you.

* Reseat the modem.

* For Notebooks - perform a hard reset.

* Disable "Wait for Dial Tone". If you have Voice Mail then this will cause the modem to be unable to detect a dial tone.

* Reduce your port speed on your modem settings.

* Use Hyperterminal or another tool to test the modem.

* Perform Modem Diagnostics test.

* Check the initialization strings.

* Perform an MSCONFIG if your computer has it.

* Shut down all other applications to avoid conflicts. Remove all other hardware devices.

* Turn the date back to the January 1, 2000 or an earlier date. There are known Y2K issues and driver bomb errors related to dates. If this solves the problem then get a new driver from the modem manufacturer or your oem manufacturer.

* Perform a recovery. Ensure that you backup your data prior to doing a recovery.

* If the problem persists then send in for service.

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What this means depends on what program sent it. The modem could actually be in use (busy). Another cause reported for the SuSE distribution is that there may be two serial drivers present instead of one. One driver was built into the kernel and the second was a module.

In kppp, this message is sent when an attempt to get/set the serial port "stty" parameters fails. (It's similar to the "Input/output error" one may get when trying to use "stty -F /dev/ttySx"). To get a few of these stty parameters, the true address of the port must be known to the driver. So the driver may have the wrong address. The setserial" command will display what the driver thinks but it's likely wrong in this case. So what the "modem busy" often means is that the serial port (and thus the modem) can't be found.

If you have a pci modem, then use one of these commands: lspci -v, or cat /proc/pci, or dmesg to find the correct address and irq of the modem's serial port. Then check to see if "setserial" shows the same thing. If not, you need to run a script at boot-time which contains a setserial command that will tell the driver the correct address and irq.

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The error message might also be something like "Modem not responding". There are at least 4 possible reasons:

1. Your modem is a winmodem and no working driver has been installed for it. Or the modem is defective or in "online data mode" where it doesn't respond. See winmodem_
2. Your modem is disabled since both the BIOS and Linux failed to enable it. It has no IO address.
3. Your modem is enabled and has an IO address but it has no ttyS device number (like ttyS14) assigned to that address so the modem can't be used.
4. You modem does have a ttyS number assigned to it (like ttyS4) but you are using the wrong ttyS number (like ttyS2 instead of ttyS4). See wrong_ttySx and/or wvdial and/or minicom (test modem)

Case 1: Winmodem

For a winmodem with no driver (or a defective modem) the serial port that the modem is on can usually be found OK. But when the wvdial program (or whatever) interrogates that port, it gets no response since winmodems need a driver to do anything. So you see a message saying that no modem was found. However, it's likely that the modem card was detected at boot-time and it displays a message implying that a modem was found. So you're told both that the modem was found and that it wasn't found! What it all means is that no working modem has been found, since a modem that doesn't work has been found. Of course it could not be working for reasons other than being a winmodem (or linmodem) with no driver. See Software-based Modems (winmodems, linmodems).
Cases 2-3

Cases 2. and 3. mean that no serial port device (such as /dev/ttyS2) exists for the modem. If you suspect this, see Serial Port Can't be Found.
Case 4: Wrong ttySx number

If you are lucky, the problem is case 4. Then you just need to find which ttyS your modem is on.
wvdial

There's a program that looks for modems on commonly used serial ports called "wvdialconf". Just type "wvdialconf ". It will create the new file as a configuration file but you don't need this file unless you are going to use "wvdial" for dialing. See What is wvdialconf ? Unfortunately, if your modem is in "online data" mode, wvdialconf will report "No modem detected". See minicom (test modem)
minicom (test modem)

Another way try to find out if there's a modem on a certain port is to start "minicom" on the port (after first setting up minicom for that serial port. You will need to save the setup and then exit minicom and start it again. Then type "AT" and you should see "OK". If you don't, try typing ATQ0 V1 EI. If you still don't get OK (and likely don't even see the AT you typed) then there is likely no modem on the port. This may be due to either case 1. 2. or 3. above

If what you type is really getting thru to a modem, then the lack of response could be due to the modem being in "online data" mode where it can't accept any AT commands. You may have been using the modem and then abruptly disconnected (such as killing the process with signal 9). In that case your modem did not get reset to "command mode" where it can interact to AT commands. "Minicom" may display "You are already online. Hangup first." (For another meaning of this minicom message see You are already online! Hang up first.) Well, you are sort of online but you are may not be connected to anything over the phone line. Wvdial will report "modem not responding" for the same situation.

To fix this as a last resort you could reboot the computer. Another way to try to fix this is to send +++ to the modem to tell it to escape back to "command mode" from "online data mode". On both sides of the +++ sequence there must be about 1 second of delay (nothing sent during "guard time"). This may not work if another process is using the modem since the +++ sequence could wind up with other characters inserted in between them or after the +++ (during the guard time). Ironically, even if the modem line is idle, typing an unexpected +++ is likely to set off an exchange of control packets (that you never see) that will violate the required guard time so that the +++ doesn't do what you wanted. +++ is usually in the string that is named "hangup string" so if you command minicom (or the like) to hangup it might work. Another way to do this is to just exit minicom and then run minicom again.

Other problems which you might observe in minicom besides no response to AT are:

• It takes many seconds to get an expected truncated response (including only the cursor moving down one line). See Extremely Slow: Text appears on the screen slowly after long delays
• Some strange characters appear but they are not in response to AT. This likely means that your modem is still connected to something at the other end of the phone line which is sending some cryptic packets or the like.

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